Percepción de la Virtualización de la Asignatura de Anatomía Humana Normal y Embriología en Pandemia / Perception of the Virtualization of the Subject of Normal Human Anatomy and Embriology in a Pandemic

Debido a la pandemia y las restricciones en cuanto a la presencialidad, diferentes metodologías de aprendizaje debieron ser exploradas e implementadas para virtualizar los contenidos en la asignatura de Anatomía. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la percepción de los docentes y alumnos con respecto a las metodologías utilizadas en la virtualización de dicha asignatura. Estudio observacional- descriptivo, con enfoque cuantitativo. La población de estudio correspondió a una muestra por conveniencia constituida por 57 alumnos y 4 docentes pertenecientes a la asignatura de Anatomía Humana Normal y Embriología de la carrera de Odontología, Universidad Andrés Bello, sede Viña del Mar, dictada el año 2021. Dichos participantes contestaron un cuestionario validado que contemplaba preguntas cerradas con escala de Likert de 5 niveles, considerando las dimensiones de aprendizaje, motivación y rendimiento, y preguntas de calificación para conocer la percepción sobre las estrategias y recursos utilizados. Los alumnos perciben positivamente todos los recursos digitales, destacando el Manual de Anatomía Humana Normal, siendo el aprendizaje, la dimensión mejor evaluada. La estrategia activa mejor percibida en cuanto a las 3 dimensiones corresponde a método de casos. Por el contrario, las clases invertidas fueron percibidas negativamente en todas las dimensiones. En relación a los docentes, el recurso digital mejor percibido fue videos y cápsulas, destacando la dimensión motivación. Las estrategias activas mejor evaluadas fueron método de casos y clases invertidas. Pese a haber una percepción positiva con respecto a la virtualización, no hay concordancia entre las estrategias activas y recursos digitales mejor evaluados entre docentes y alumnos.

SUMMARY: As a result of the pandemic and the restrictions regarding in person attendance, different learning methodologies had to be explored and implemented to virtualize the contents in the Anatomy subject. The objective of this study was to evaluate the perception of teachers and students regarding the methodologies used in the virtualization of this subject. An observational-descriptive study with a quantitative approach was carried out. The study population was a convenience sample made up of 57 students and 4 teachers of the Normal Human Anatomy and Embryology subject of the Dentistry degree, Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar campus during 2021. These participants answered a validated questionnaire that included closed questions with a 5-level Likert scale, considering learning dimensions, motivation and performance, and qualifying questions to find out the perception of the strategies and resources used. Students positively perceive all digital resources, highlighting the Normal Human Anatomy Manual, with learning being the best evaluated dimension. The best perceived active strategy in terms of the 3 dimensions corresponds to the case method. In contrast, the inverted classes were perceived negatively in all dimensions. In relation to teachers, the best perceived digital resource was videos and capsules, highlighting the motivation dimension. The best evaluated active strategies were the case method and inverted classes. Despite having a positive perception regarding virtualization, there is no agreement between the best evaluated active strategies and digital resources among teachers and students.

Nivel de conocimiento de los estudiantes del tercer curso en Odontología de la UNAN-León, sobre trastornos de presión arterial y manejo odontológico / Level of knowledge third year dentistry students UNAN-León about blood pressure disorders and dental management

Las patologías cardiovasculares constituyen la causa más frecuente de muerte en el mundo, las más comunes son hipertensión e hipotensión. En la consulta odontológica, los pacientes con trastornos de presión arterial requieren diferentes protocolos de atención. En el tercer curso de odontología se tiene el primer contacto con pacientes, al haber estudiado y aprobado la parte teórica del manejo odontológico. Según los antecedentes encontrados, no existen investigaciones que abarquen ambos trastornos de la presión arterial, por lo que se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal para determinar el nivel de conocimiento en estudiantes del tercer curso Odontología UNAN-León, sobre trastornos de la presión arterial y su manejo odontológico en el segundo semestre del año 2021, por una encuesta tipo examen a estudiantes inscritos en cirugía bucal I, 55 estudiantes fueron encuestados. Se determinó que 50.9% tienen un nivel de conocimiento regular, seguido por 27.3% con nivel bueno, 12.7% deficiente y 9.1% obtuvo nivel de conocimiento excelente sobre los trastornos de presión arterial. Según investigaciones previas en odontología, la mayoría de los estudiantes presentaba un nivel de conocimiento deficiente sobre hipertensión arterial. Por lo que es importante evaluar periódicamente los niveles de conocimiento sobre éstos y otros trastornos que pueden presentarse en la consulta dental (AU)

Cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of death world, hypertension and hypotension are very common nowadays. In the dental office, patients with blood pressure disorders require different care protocols. Students of the third year of dentistry have their first contact with patients, having studied and approved the theoretical part of dental management. According to antecedents researched, there are no investigations that cover both blood pressure disorders. So a descriptive cross-sectional study was made to determine the knowledge of third-year dentistry students UNAN-León, about blood pressure disorders and their dental management in the second semester of the year 2021, by an exam-type survey of students registered in oral surgery I, with 55 students surveyed. It determined that 50.9% have a regular level of knowledge, followed by 27.3% with a good level, 12.7% poor and 9.1% has an excellent level of knowledge about blood pressure disorders. According to previous research in dentistry faculty, the majority of students have a poor level of knowledge about high blood pressure. Therefore, it's important to evaluate periodically the levels of knowledge about these and other disorders that may occur in the dental office (AU)

Evaluation of Dental Interns' Perception and Self-Confidence Levels Regarding Endodontic Treatment"- A Questionnaire Study

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the perception and self-confidence of Dental interns regarding endodontic treatment performed on patients. Material and Methods: A total of 111 dental interns from 5 different educational institutes of a state in South India participated in a questionnaire-based survey. The questionnaire consisted of 12 questions related to root canal procedures performed on patients. Analysis was done using SPSS version 17.0. Results: Sixty-five interns (59%) performed less than 10 root canal treatments on patients during the course of the internship. Twenty-eight interns (25% of the intern population) took up more than 10 root canal treatment cases, whereas only 18 interns (16%) did not perform the treatment on patients and answered the questionnaire based on their experience with extracted teeth model work. Only five interns out of 111 were 'Very confident' and 22 were 'Confident' in performing the root canal treatment. Conclusion: The present study indicates that the self-perceived confidence level among dental interns can affect their clinical performance. It also recommends additional hands-on workshops, problem-based learning and clinical guidance for the dental interns to become more confident with the root canal procedure.

Prevalence of depressive symptoms among dental students is influenced by sex, academic performance, smoking exposure, and sexual orientation: cross-sectional study

Aim: To estimate the prevalence and associated factors of self-reported depressive symptoms in undergraduate and graduate dental students. Methods: The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) was applied, and only the depression domain was verified. A structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic, behavioral, and COVID-19 pandemic-related fear variables. Academic performance was assessed based on academic records, ranging from 0 (worst possible grade) to 10 (best possible grade). Respondents included 408 regularly enrolled dental students. Bi- and multivariate analyses were performed using Poisson regression with robust variance to verify the association between at least moderate depressive symptoms and independent variables. Results: The prevalence of at least moderate depression was 40.5% among undergraduate students and 26% among graduate students. The prevalence of fear and anxiety due to the COVID-19 pandemic was 96.1% among undergraduate students and 93.5% among graduate students. In the final multivariate analysis, being female (prevalence ratio [PR]:2.01; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]:1.36­2.96) was associated with a higher PR for depression. Conversely, no exposure to smoking (PR:0.54; 95%CI:0.36­0.82) and a final academic performance average ≥7.0 (PR:0.56; 95%CI:0.41­0.76) was associated with a lower PR for depression. Finally, among graduate students, a non-heterosexual orientation was associated with a higher PR for depression (PR:6.70; 95%CI:2.21­20.29). Conclusion: Higher rates of depression symptoms were observed in female undergraduates, students with lower academic performance and smoking exposure, and graduate dental students with a non-heterosexual orientation

Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre prevención y control de infecciones (PCI) en alumnos de Estomatología de la UAM-Xochimilco / Knowledge, attitudes and practices on infection prevention and control in Stomatology students UAM-Xochimilco

Introducción: la prevención y control de infecciones (PCI) pretenden prevenir, detener y propagar enfermedades infecciosas en pacientes y trabajadores de la salud. Este enfoque debe comenzar con la formación y capacitación del profesional de la salud, inmunizaciones recomendadas y ejecución de medidas universales de protección. Objetivos: evaluar conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas en la prevención y control de infec- ciones de los estudiantes y pasantes de servicio social de la licenciatura en Estomatología de la UAM-X. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal y observacional mediante una encuesta anónima como instrumento para recolección de datos a una muestra de 108 alumnos y pasantes. Resultados: se encontró que al contestar el interrogatorio sobre «prevención y control de infecciones¼, 59.3% tuvo un nivel de conocimientos aceptable y 40.7% tuvo un nivel muy bueno. De los encuestados, 87% desinfecta y cambia las barreras de protección entre cada paciente, 9.3% al comenzar y finalizar el día; el restante 3.7%, cuando está visiblemente sucio o cuando hay derrame de sustancias de líquidos corporales. Conclusión: los encuestados tienen adecuados conocimientos y prácticas, lo que infiere que tienen el sustento teórico y habilidades para enfrentarse a la etapa postpandemia para la atención de pacientes (AU)

ntroduction: infection prevention and control (IPC) efforts to prevent, stopping and spreading infectious diseases in patients and healthcare workers. This approach should begin with education and training of the health professional, recommended immunizations and implementation of universal protective measures. Objectives: to evaluate knowledge, attitudes and practices in infection prevention and control stomatology career's students and social service interns UAM-X. Material and methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional and observational study was carried out using an anonymous survey as an instrument for data collection from a sample of 108 students and interns. Results: it was found that when answering the questionnaire on «infection prevention and control¼, 59.3% had an acceptable level of knowledge and 40.7% had a very good level. 87% of the respondents disinfect and change the protective barriers between each patient, 9.3% at the beginning and end of the day; the remaining 3.7% when visibly dirty or when there is spillage of body fluids. Conclusion: respondents have adequate knowledge and practices, inferring that they have the theoretical support and skills to face the post-pandemic stage of patient care (AU)

Associação entre características infantis e estresse de alunos de graduação durante atendimento odontopediátrico / Association between childhood characteristics and stress in undergraduate students during pediatric dental care

Objetivo: O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a associação entre as características das crianças com o estresse apresentado por estudantes de graduação em Odontologia durante o atendimento odontopediátrico. Materiais e métodos: Participaram 48 crianças com idade entre 6 e 10 anos e 37 alunos voluntários do 7º, 8º e 9º semestres de um curso de Odontologia. Foi realizado um questionário sobre aspectos socioeconômicos e também coletados dados sobre comportamento, percepção de dor e ansiedade da criança e do responsável. Ainda, foram coletados dados relacionados aos alunos da graduação: sexo, semestre, nível de estresse, tipo de procedimento realizado. Foram obtidas as frequências absolutas e relativas por meio da análise descritiva dos dados. As comparações nos desfechos de interesse foram feitas utilizando o teste quiquadrado para variáveis dicotômicas e categóricas, teste linear por linear para variável ordinal e teste exato de Fischer para contagens menor do que 5. Foi adotado um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que a maioria dos operadores que atenderam crianças não colaboradoras relataram nível de estresse alto (83,33%) (p<0,001). Os operadores que atenderam crianças com nível de ansiedade médio ou alto relataram nível de estresse alto (p= 0,043) e em pacientes com dor, o nível de estresse da maioria dos operadores foi considerado alto (75%) (p=0,001). Conclusão: as características das crianças influenciaram no estresse apresentado pelo aluno operador durante o atendimento odontológico infantil. Crianças ansiosas, não colaboradoras e que estavam sentindo dor durante o atendimento deixaram o operador mais estressado.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the characteristics of children and the stress presented by undergraduate dentistry students during pediatric dental care. Materials and Methods: Participants were 48 children aged between 6 to 10 years old and 37 volunteer students from the 7th, 8th and 9th semesters of a Dentistry course. A questionnaire on socioeconomic aspects was carried out and data on behavior, perception of pain and anxiety of the child and the guardian were also collected. Also, data related to undergraduate students were collected: sex, semester, stress level, type of procedure performed. Absolute and relative frequencies were obtained through descriptive data analysis. Comparisons in the outcomes of interest were made using the chi-square test for dichotomous and categorical variables, linear by linear test for ordinal variable, and Fisher's exact test for counts less than 5. A significance level of 5% was adopted. Results: The results showed that students who assisted non-cooperative children reported a high level of stress (83.33%) (p<0.001). Students who assisted children with medium or high levels of anxiety reported high levels of stress. (p=0.043) and in patients with pain, the students' stress level was considered high (75%) (p=0.001). Conclusion: The characteristics of the children influenced the stress presented by the student during child dental care. Anxious children, noncooperative and who were in pain during care left the student more stressed.

Percepción de alumnos de odontología de la asignatura en línea de anatomía en tiempos de COVID-19 / Dentistry students' perception of the online anatomy subject in times of COVID-19

RESUMEN: El año 2020, la pandemia por COVID-19 forzó a que toda la docencia universitaria se dictase de forma telemática, lo que incluye la enseñanza de anatomía humana. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la percepción de los alumnos con respecto a los recursos digitales y estrategias activas utilizadas en la versión en línea de la asignatura de anatomía humana. La muestra estuvo constituida por 77 estudiantes de primer año de Odontología que cursaban la asignatura de anatomía. Para la recogida de datos se utilizó un cuestionario de auto aplicación y la realización de tres focus groups con preguntas semi-estructuradas. Los datos cuantitativos se analizaron con estadística descriptiva y los cualitativos mediante teoría fundamentada. El análisis cualitativo determinó 6 categorías relevantes expresadas por los estudiantes: posibilidad de trabajar colaborativamente, espacios de retroalimentación, tipo de información, uso del material, percepción del académico y el factor tiempo. Respecto al análisis cuantitativo, el manual de Anatomía Aplicada para Estudiantes de Odontología fue el recurso digital mejor evaluado (p< 0,005), lo cual fue estadísticamente significativo. Seguido por el atlas 3D de Visible Body como el segundo recurso digital mejor evaluado (p < 0,005). Mientras que el análisis de casos clínicos y la realización de dibujos fueron las estrategias activas mejor evaluadas, las cuales fueron estadísticamente significativas (p< 0,005). El recurso digital más recomendado por los estudiantes fue el manual (30,4 %) seguido por el atlas 3D de Visible Body (28,5 %). La estrategia activa más recomendada fue el rotulado grupal de modelos del manual (37,5 %). Los alumnos perciben positivamente la virtualización de la asigna- tura destacando el rol del docente mediante la retroalimentación y la interacción entre pares.

SUMMARY: In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic forced all university teaching to be taught online, including the teaching of human anatomy. The objective of this work was to evaluate the students' perception regarding digital resources and active strategies used in the online version of the human anatomy subject. The sample consisted of 77 first-year dentistry students who were studying anatomy. For data collection, a self-application questionnaire and three focus groups with semi-structured questions were used. Quantitative data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and qualitative data using grounded theory. The qualitative analysis determined 6 relevant categories expressed by the students: possibility of working collaboratively, feedback spaces, type of information, use of the material, perception of the academic and the time factor. Regarding the quantitative analysis, the manual of Applied Anatomy for Dentistry Students was the best evaluated digital resource (p<0.005), which was statistically significant. It was followed by the Visible Body 3D atlas as the second best evaluated digital resource (p < 0.005). While the analysis of clinical cases and the making of drawings were the best evaluated active strategies, they were statistically significant (p<0.005). The most recommended digital resource by the students, was the manual (30.4%) followed by the Visible Body 3D atlas (28.5 %). The most recommended active strategy was group labeling of manual models (37.5 %). Students positively perceive the virtualization of the subject, highlighting the role of the teacher through feedback and peer interaction.

Assessing Moral Skills in General and Post-Graduate Dental Students in the Southeast of Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract Objective: To assess the level of moral skills in dental students and residents. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study was conducted on dental students and residents of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, selected by census sampling. Data collection tools included a demographic information checklist (age, gender, marital status, educational level (before basic sciences, after basic sciences, residency), and moral skills inventory questionnaire. The data were analyzed using a T-test and multiple regression analysis at a confidence level of 95%. Results: The total score of the moral skills questionnaire was about 44 out of 80, and there was no difference between males and females in moral skills (p=0.79). However, there was a significant difference in moral sensitivity between married and single students (p=0.036). Residents gained significantly higher moral integrity scores than students (p=0.046). Conclusion: The study highlights that the level of professional moral skills in Kerman dental students and residents was acceptable. Single students got higher scores in the moral sensitivity domain, although residents got the highest scores in the moral integrity domain. There was no significant correlation between gender and the level of moral skills (AU).

Conocimientos, percepciones y actitudes de estudiantes y pasantes de odontología mexicanos con relación al COVID-19: Estudio descriptivo / Knowledge, perceptions and attitudes in Mexican dental students and interns related with COVID-19: A descriptive study

La enfermedad de COVID-19 es causada por el nuevo coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (síndrome respiratorio agudo severo), convertida hoy en día en una pandemia, emergencia sanitaria y crisis de salud pública. El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar el conocimiento, la percepción y actitudes frente a dicha pandemia de en los estudiantes y pasantes de odontología. Material y métodos: Investigación cuantitativa con diseño transversal, descriptivo y exploratorio. El tamaño de la muestra fue de 167 participantes a través de encuestas en línea, donde se describieron sus actitudes, conocimiento y percepción, por medio de un cuestionario de autorreporte el cual consistió de 24 ítems relacionados con la comprensión de la COVID-19. Resultados: La mayoría de los discípulos tiene un entendimiento moderado en relación con la normatividad, y su competencia, en su entorno con dicho trastorno viral, es adecuada. La mayoría (89.5%) respondieron tener actitudes adecuadas con el manejo del control de infecciones y prevenciones. En cuestión a la percepción, la mayoría (82.4%) sí tenía medidas de prevención a fin de evitar la transmisión y medicación adecuadas. Conclusión: Estos estudiantes están conscientes de la COVID-19 y sus medidas de prevención y precaución, requieren adquirir mayores saberes de normas sanitarias, así como llevar estrictos protocolos de control de infecciones para garantizar el ambiente seguro a los alumnos y pacientes que acuden a las clínicas odontológicas (AU)

The COVID-19 disease is caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which today has become a pandemic, health emergency, and public health crisis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, perception and attitudes towards such pandemic in dental students and interns. Material and methods: Quantitative research with a crosssectional, descriptive and exploratory design. The sample size was 167 participants through online surveys, where attitudes, knowledge and perception were described, through a self-report questionnaire which consisted of 24 items related to their knowledge of this malaise. Results: The majority of study participants have a moderate knowledge in relation to the normativity, and the knowledge of the disease in their environment is adequate. The majority (89.5%) responded having adequate attitudes with the management of infection control and prevention. Regarding perception, the majority (82.4%) did have adequate medication and preventive measures to avoid transmission. Conclusion: These students are aware of the COVID-19 sickness and its prevention and precaution measures and they require acquiring greater knowledge of health regulations as well as carrying out strict infection control protocols to guarantee a safe environment for students and patients who attend dental clinics (AU)

Evaluación radiográfica de tratamientos endodónticos realizados por alumnos de grado. Una experiencia docente / Radiographic evaluation of endodontic treatments performed by undergraduate students: a teaching experience

Objetivo: Describir una experiencia de capacitación de alumnos de grado en la evaluación radiográfica de tratamientos endodónticos realizados ex vivo. Material y métodos: Participaron un docente y 13 alumnos, cada uno de los cuales evaluó radiográficamente 100 tratamientos endodónticos realizados ex vivo para determinar si estos eran correctos o incorrectos. Posteriormente, el mismo docente, en una clase teórica, presentó a los alumnos otras imágenes radiográficas a fin de calibrar qué debería considerarse correcto o incorrecto. Luego fueron proyectadas nuevamente las radiografías de los 100 casos, y los alumnos efectuaron una nueva valoración. Para cada alumno, se determinó la frecuencia de concordancia con el docente en los 100 casos, antes y después de la calibración. Se categorizó cada observación como sin cambio, positiva (precalibración sin concordancia y poscalibración con concordancia) y negativa (precalibración con concordancia y poscalibración sin concordancia). En cada caso se calcularon la frecuencia para cada categoría, la frecuencia de concordancia entre cada alumno y el docente antes y después de la calibración, y la diferencia entre frecuencias. Resultados: La frecuencia absoluta de casos con concordancia alumno/docente sin cambios fue entre 65 y 85; con cambio positivo, entre 14 y 29; y con cambio negativo, entre 1 y 8. La concordancia antes y después de la calibración resultó entre 37% y 79,2%. Conclusión: La calibración mejoró parcialmente la capacitación de los alumnos para la evaluación radiográfica de los tratamientos endodónticos (AU)

Aim: To describe one experience of calibration in the radiographic evaluation of 100 endodontic treatments performed ex vivo in undergraduate students. Material and methods: One professor and 13 undergraduate students participated in this study, who independently radiographically evaluated 100 ex vivo endodontic treatments and determined whether each case was correct or incorrect. Later, the same professor presented a theoretical class to the students with other radiographic images in order to calibrate the difference between correct and incorrect treatments. Then the radiographs of the same 100 cases were projected and the students made a new evaluation. The frequency of agreement with the teacher was determined for each student in the 100 cases before and after the calibration. Each observation was categorized as without change, with positive change (pre-calibration without agreement and post-calibration with agreement) and with negative change (pre-calibration with agreement and post-calibration without agreement). The frequency for each category was calculated for each student. In each of the cases, the frequency of students in which concordances with the teacher were observed before and after calibration, and the difference between both frequencies were calculated. Results: The absolute frequency of cases with agreement of the students/teacher without changes varied between 65 and 85, with a positive change between 14 and 29 and a negative change between 1 and 8. The concordance before and after calibration varied between 37.0% and 79.2%. Conclusion: Calibration partially improved the training of students in radiographic evaluation of endodontic treatments (AU)

Student perception of early simulation in dentistry / Percepción de los alumnos respecto a la primera simulación clínica en la carrera de odontología

Objective: To evaluate student perception of early simulation in dentistry. Material and Methods: The design of the study was quantitative, observational and cross-sectional. A total of 121 students, from third year to senior year were evaluated. The perception and its dimensions: satisfaction, self-confidence and good educational practices were evaluated by a survey with a high level of reliability (0.89), modified and adapted for the present investigation, checking coefficients for its use: Aiken's V, Cronbach's Alpha, Test-Retest (Spearman), classified in ability, scenario and general simulation practices, based on the Likert scale (from 1 to 5). For the univariate analysis, the descriptive statistics from qualitative and quantitative variables were obtained and for the bivariate analysis, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests were employed. Results: The students rated the simulation perception positively with an average of 4.42±0.49, 4.14±0.63 y 4.73±0.66 regarding the ability, scenario and general simulation practices, respectively. No statistically significant differences were found between the perception of early preclinical practices with the variables age, gender, year of study and previous experience. Conclusion: The perception of students regarding early preclinical practices got a high score and it is not related with the variables studied, according to the survey modified and adapted.

Objetivo: Evaluar la percepción de los alumnos respecto a la primera simulación clínica en la carrera de Odontología. Material y Métodos: El diseño del estudio fue de tipo cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal. Se evaluaron 121 alumnos de sexto a décimo ciclo. La percepción y sus dimensiones: satisfacción, autoconfianza y buenas prácticas educacionales fueron evaluadas mediante una encuesta con alto nivel de confiabilidad (0.89), modificada y adaptada para la presente investigación comprobando coeficientes para su uso: V de Aiken, Alfa de Cronbach, Test-Retest (Spearman), clasificada en prácticas de habilidad, escenario y simulación en general, basada en la escala de Likert (1 al 5). Se obtuvo la media y desviación estándar para la variable percepción, así como el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman y las pruebas U de Mann Whitney y Kruskal Wallis para evaluar covariables. Resultados: Los estudiantes tuvieron una percepción positiva respecto a la simulación obteniendo una media de puntuación de 4.42±0.49, 4.14±0.63 y 4.73±0.66 respecto a las prácticas de habilidad, escenario y simulación en general respectivamente. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la percepción de la primera simulación clínica con las variables edad, género, ciclo y experiencia previa. Conclusión: La percepción de los estudiantes respecto a la primera simulación clínica obtuvo un alto puntaje y no se encuentra relacionada con las variables estudiadas según la encuesta modificada y adaptada.

Associação entre qualidade de vida, prática de atividades físicas e frequência de estudo de alunos de graduação em Odontologia / Association between quality of life, practice of physical activities and frequency of study by undergraduate students in Dentistry

Objetivo: avaliar a associação entre a qualidade de vida (QV) de estudantes do curso de graduação em Odon-tologia da Faculdade CNEC Santo Ângelo com a prática de atividades físicas e de estudo. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo transversal. Os participantes responderam questões referentes a informações demográficas, atividades físicas, frequência de estudo e conteúdos pesquisados em redes sociais. Além disso, foi aplicado o questionário WHOQOL-BREF para avaliação da QV. A análise de dados foi realizada mediante Teste U de Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis (p-valor <0,05). Resultados: a amostra contou com 127 alunos. A QV não teve associação com idade, sexo, mídias sociais utilizadas pelos participantes e tempo que utilizam o celular no dia a dia. A maior média foi observada no domínio social. Os alunos que estudaram todos os dias tiveram uma mediana maior de QV no domínio psicológico, quando comparados àqueles que não estudaram todos os dias, e essa diferença foi estatisticamente significante. A prática de exercícios físicos proporcionou melhor QV para os participantes, e essa associação foi estatisticamente significante para os domínios físico, psicoló-gico, do meio ambiente e para o escore total. A menor média foi do domínio psicológico. Conclusão: estudar todos os dias e praticar atividades físicas estiveram associados de forma independente a uma melhor QV. (AU)

Objective: to evaluate the association between a QoL of undergraduate students in Dentistry at Faculdade CNEC Santo Ângelo with the practice of physical activities and study. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study. The participants reported on demographic information, physical activities, study frequency and content searched on social media. In addition, the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was formulated to assess QoL. Data analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis U test (p-value <0.05). Results: 127 students were included. QoL was not associated with age, gender, social media used by participants and the time they used the cell phone on a daily basis. The highest average was observed in the social domain. Students who studied every day had a significantly higher median QoL in the psychological domain compared to those who did not study every day. The practice of physical exercises provided better QoL for the participants and this association was statistically significant for the physical, psychological, environmental and total score domains. The lowest mean was in the psychological domain. Conclusion: studying every day and practicing physical activities were independently associated with better QoL.(AU)

Avaliação da retenção do conhecimento, do grau de confiança e dos erros de compreensão dos acadêmicos de odontologia / Evaluation of knowledge retention, degree of confidence and erros of undertanding of dental students

Objetivo: avaliar a retenção de conhecimento (RC), o grau de confiança (GC) e a identificação dos erros de aprendizado (EA) dos acadêmicos de um curso de Odontologia. Métodos: neste estudo, foram avaliados 39 alunos dos níveis finais de um curso de Odontologia, os quais responderam 40 questões retiradas de provas anteriores do Exame Nacional de Desempenho dos Estudantes (Enade), através de uma plataforma virtual. Es-tas foram divididas em quatro áreas: Formação Geral (FG); Saúde Coletiva (SC); Clínica Odontológica (CO); e Especialidade Odontológica (EO). Resultados: analisando os resultados, observou-se que a área do saber que obteve melhor média de acertos foi a de CO (com 59,4), seguida das questões de FG (com 48,5). A área que obteve menor média de acertos foi a de SC (com 36,4). O GC foi analisado através de um questionário em que o aluno relatava se estava ou não confiante perante a questão respondida. Em relação ao erro, percebeu--se que a única área na qual os alunos erraram as questões, mas estavam confiantes, foi a de SC. Em relação ao acerto, a única área em que os alunos acertaram as questões, mas não se demonstraram confiantes para acertar, foi a de FG.Conclusão: percebe-se que, dentre as áreas avaliadas, a SC foi a que apresentou pior média de acertos. (AU)

Objective: the present study evaluated the knowledge retention, degree of confidence and identification of learning errors of dental students. Methods: 39 senior dental students (last year) responded 40 questions from previous exam from the ENADE (National Student Performance Exam) using a virtual platform. Questions were divided into four areas: General Formation (GF); Collective Health (CH); Dental Clinic (DC) and Dental Specialty (DE). Results: it was observed that the area of knowledge that obtained the best average was DC, with 59.4, following by GF questions, with 48.5. The area with the lowest average was that of CH, with 36.4. The degree of confidence was analyzed through a questionnaire, where the student reported whether or not she/he was confident about the answers. Regarding the error, it was noticed that the only area where the students answered the questions but were confident was that of CH. Regarding the hit, the only area where students got the questions right but were not confident to get it right was that of GF. Conclusion: among the evaluated areas, CH was the one with the worst average of correct answers.(AU)

Teaching and learning strategies of oral histology among dental students / Estrategias de enseñanza y aprendizaje de histología oral en estudiantes de odontología

Dental education is in a continuous state of development to adapt to the changing learning strategies of the millennial students. The introduction of electronic learning resources (ELR) is a good example, which has added immense value to the traditional methods of teaching oral histology. The main purpose of the study was to analyze the dental students' perception of learning oral histology the way it was taught. A pre-approved questionnaire survey was electronically distributed to 129 students who had completed the oral histology course. The majority of the students viewed oral histology course to be difficult and irrelevant to their dental career. Similarly, most of them preferred studying alone and used ELR in place of books and atlases. More than three quarters believed using a microscope in practical training sessions will make the oral histology course easier and more interesting. The results of this study will be used to formulate recommendations to be implemented in oral histology course.

La educación dental se encuentra en un estado de desarrollo continuo para adaptarse a las cambiantes estrategias de aprendizaje de los estudiantes milenios. La introducción de recursos de aprendizaje electrónico (RAE) es un buen ejemplo, el cual ha agregado un valor importante a los métodos tradicionales de enseñanza de histología oral. El objetivo principal del estudio fue analizar la percepción de los estudiantes de odontología de aprender histología oral de la forma en que se enseñó. Una encuesta de cuestionario preaprobada se distribuyó electrónicamente a 129 estudiantes que habían completado el curso de histología oral. La mayoría de los estudiantes consideraron que el curso de histología oral era difícil e irrelevante para su carrera dental. Del mismo modo, la mayoría de ellos preferían estudiar solos y usaban RAE en lugar de libros y atlas. Más de las tres cuartas partes creen que usar un microscopio en sesiones de capacitación práctica, permitiría que el curso de histología oral sea más fácil e interesante. Los resultados de este estudio se utilizarán para formular recomendaciones que se implementarán en el curso de histología oral.

Ambiente escolar como cenário de um estágio em atenção primária: análise político-pedagógica de vivências experimentadas / School environment as a stage of an internship in primary care: political-pedagogical analysis of experiences

Objetivo: analisar as significâncias político-pedagógicas de vivências experimentadas por estagiários de um curso de Odontologia em um ambiente escolar. Metodologia: estudo qualitativo transversalmente estruturado sob estratégia narrativo-descritiva e moldado à técnica argumentativa. Resultados: o "Estágio de Clínica Integrada em Atenção Primária" foi didaticamente sistematizado em dois períodos: "Pré-intervenção" e "Intervenção". Do primeiro, desvendaram-se duas ações: "Contextualização dos acadêmicos estagiários" e "Estruturação, ambientalização e levantamento de necessidades do ambiente de trabalho". Já o segundo foi guiado pelo instrumento "TPC" (Teorizar-Praticar-Criticar), em que todas as ações programadas seguiram a lógica ativa do planejamento estratégico, ou seja, contextualizadas às realidades do cenário de prática (ambiente escolar). Conclusão: das experimentações vivenciadas, algumas inferências se destacaram: a efetividade do instrumento "TPC" no direcionamento dos acadêmicos estagiários no planejamento estratégico de atividades de educação em saúde; o reconhecimento do ambiente escolar como território fértil para o desenvolvimento de ações promotoras de saúde; a importância de se disseminar, em espaços científicos, os aprendizados advindos de experimentações práticas de estágios.(AU)

Objective: to analyze the political-pedagogical significance of experiences experienced by trainees of a dentistry course in a school environment. Methodology: qualitative study transversely structured under narrative-descriptive strategy and molded to the argumentative technique. Results: the "Internship of Integrated Clinic in Primary Care" was didactically systematized in two periods, "Pre-intervention" and "Intervention". From the first, two actions were unveiled: the "Contextualization of the Interns" and the "Structuring, Environmentalization and Survey of Work Environment Needs". The second was guided by the instrument "TPC" (Theorize- Practice-Criticize), where all programmed actions followed the active logic of strategic planning, contextualized to the realities of the practice scenario (school environment). Conclusion: from the experiments experienced some inferences stood out: the effectiveness of the "CPT" instrument in guiding the trainee academics in the strategic planning of health education activities; the recognition of the school environment as a fertile territory for the development of health promoting actions; the importance of disseminating, in scientific spaces, the learning that comes from practical experimentation of internships.(AU)

Valoración de las Características Laborales de los Estudiantes del Último Año de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Buenos Aires / Assessment of the Job Characteristics of the Final Year Students of the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires

Objetivos: Identificar las características sociodemográficas y la situación laboral de los estudiantes del último año de la Carrera. Un grupo de 145 alumnos, de un total de 174 inscriptos en la asignatura de Odontología Integral Niños del último año de la Carrera, respondieron a un cuestionario anónimo y voluntario, para indagar sobre edad, sexo, nacionalidad, estado civil, lugar de residencia primario, núcleo de convivencia, condición laboral, familiares odontólogos. La información de las variables fue ingresada a una base de datos para su análisis estadístico. Los resultados arrojaron edad media: 27±5 años, 80.68% femeninos, 8.27% extranjeros latinoamericanos. Según los listados de inscripción definitivos de la Cátedra, solo el 19.32% se encontraban cursando la Carrera en el tiempo previsto. Respecto a la condición laboral, 49% refieren que trabajan 20.5±10,9 horas semanales. De éstos, el 49,31% considera que el trabajo tiene mucha relación con la carrera. En relación a las dificultades horarias para cursar, el 17,8% consideró que siempre las tiene y el 39,7% muchas veces. La edad entre quienes trabajan y no lo hacen no presentó diferencias p=0.1593. En conclusión, casi la mitad de los estudiantes del último año de la carrera conjugan sus estudios con algún tipo de trabajo remunerado. Si bien pareciera que existe compatibilización con el desempeño de la actividad laboral, deberán enfatizarse las estrategias que permitan minimizar las dificultades que se presentan al momento de la cursada (AU)

O uso de metodologia ativa no campo das Ciências Sociais em Saúde: relato de experiência de produção audiovisual por estudantes / Using active methodology in Health Social Sciences: students' audiovisual production experience report / El uso de la metodología activa en el campo de las Ciencias Sociales en Salud: relato de experiencia de producción audiovisual por los estudiantes

Resumo Relata-se a experiência de elaboração de produções audiovisuais (PAV) no formato documentário por estudantes do curso de Odontologia da Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) na abordagem de conteúdo voltado às Ciências Sociais em Saúde. Adotou-se a metodologia da problematização (método do Arco de Maguerez) para abordagem dos temas. Foram elaborados projetos de documentários previamente às fases de produção e pós-produção audiovisual. A estratégia pedagógica mostrou-se adequada para trabalhar ideais como justiça social, equidade e respeito às diferenças, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento da cidadania do estudante. Apesar das dificuldades técnicas apontadas no processo de edição, essa metodologia ativa de aprendizagem estimulou o protagonismo, a criatividade e autonomia dos estudantes envolvendo dimensões cognitivas, comunicacionais, estéticas e sociais em um trabalho eminentemente colaborativo. A estratégia tem potencial para contribuir na formação de sujeitos autônomos, participativos e comprometidos com transformações sociais.(AU)

Abstract This article reports on the experience creating audiovisual productions in documentary form by Universidade Federal Fluminense's Dentistry Course students approaching Health Social Sciences-focused content. Topics were based on the methodology of questioning (Manguerez Arc's method). Documentary projects were created prior to the audiovisual pre- and post-production. The pedagogical strategy was adequate to work with ideals such as social justice, equality, and respect to differences, contributing to the student's citizenship development. Despite the technical difficulties indicated in the edition process, this active learning methodology encouraged the students' protagonism, creativity, and autonomy involving cognitive, communicative, esthetic, and social dimensions in an eminently collaborative work. The strategy can potentially contribute to the education of autonomous and participative individuals committed to social transformations.(AU)

Resumen Se relata la experiencia de elaboración de producciones audiovisuales (PAV) en el formato de documental por estudiantes del Curso de Odontología de la Universidad Federal Fluminense en el abordaje de contenido enfocado en las Ciencias Sociales en Salud. Se adoptó la metodología de la problematización (método del Arco de Maguerez) para el abordaje de los temas. Se elaboraron proyectos de documentales previamente a las fases de producción y posproducción audiovisual. La estrategia pedagógica se mostró adecuada para trabajar ideales como justicia social, equidad y respeto por las diferencias contribuyendo al desarrollo de la ciudadanía del estudiante. A pesar de las dificultades técnicas señaladas en el proceso de edición, esa metodología activa de aprendizaje incentivó el protagonismo, la creatividad y la autonomía de los estudiantes envolviendo dimensiones cognitivas, comunicacionales, estéticas y sociales en un trabajo eminentemente colaborativo. La estrategia tiene potencia para contribuir en la formación de sujetos autónomos, participativos y comprometidos con transformaciones sociales.(AU)

Relación entre perfil de ingreso y rendimiento académico línea curricular morfofunción: carrera de odontología, Universidad de la Frontera - Chile / Relationship between applicant's profile and academic performance, curricular design morphofunction, school of dentistry, Universidad de la Frontera - Chile

El Rendimiento Académico es un concepto multifactorial en el que inciden aspectos internos, como las características propias del estudiante, y externos como el tipo de diseño curricular de cada institución. El propósito de este trabajo fue mejorar la disposición de recursos de apoyo educativo en estudiantes en riesgo de reprobación, con el objeto de elevar la calidad de la formación profesional de los odontólogos de la Universidad de La Frontera, identificando aquellos factores del Perfil de Ingreso que influyen en el Rendimiento Académico durante los primeros tres años de la carrera. Estudio cuantitativo observacional analítico con diseño de Cohorte Retrospectiva, la población fueron 222 estudiantes de odontología de las cohortes 2014, 2015 y 2016. Las variables estudiadas fueron promedio de PSU, promedio NEM, promedio Ranking, género, ascendencia mapuche, región de procedencia, establecimiento de procedencia (según tipo de establecimiento y régimen educativo) y quintil de ingreso. Se obtuvo que el promedio PSU solo influye en el primer semestre de la carrera (p=0,000); el promedio NEM presentó una correlación positiva en el quinto (p=0,002) y sexto semestre (p=0,048); el promedio Ranking mostró una correlación positiva en el quinto semestre (p=0,005); las diferencias por género fueron estadísticamente significativas del tercer semestre al sexto (p=0,012; p=0,041; p=0,000; p=0,006 respectivamente); según tipo de establecimiento las diferencias son estadísticamente significativas en los dos primeros semestres (p=0,009; p=0,020) y en el cuarto (p=0,038) y quinto semestre (p=0,011); existe diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los establecimientos Particulares Subvencionado y los Municipales en el Área de Ciencias Básicas (p=0,010); la región de procedencia, el quintil de ingreso y la ascendencia mapuche no tiene incidencia en el RA. Valor de p < 0,05 umbral para la significancia estadística.

Academic Performance is a multifactorial concept in which internal factors, such as the student's personal characteristics, and external elements, such as the curricular design of each educational institution, come into play. The purpose of this essay was to improve the resources of educational support for students at risk of failure, in order to strengthen the quality of the professional training of dentists at Universidad de la Frontera, identifying key factors in Applicant's Profiles that affect Academic Performance during the first three years of studies. Analytic quantitative observational study with Retrospective Cohort design, the population consisted of 222 Dentistry students of 2014, 2015, and 2016 cohorts. The analyzed variables were the scholastic aptitude test (PSU) average, NEM average, class ranking average, sex, Mapuche ethnicity, region of provenance, establishment of origin (according to type of establishment and educational regime) and income quintile. Results showed that PSU scores only affect the first semester of studies (p=0,000); NEM score presented a positive correlation in the fifth (p=0,002) and sixth semester (p=0,048); class ranking showed a positive correlation in fifth semester (p=0,005); sex differences were statistically significant from the third until the sixth semester (p=0,012; p=0,041; p=0,000; p=0,006 respectively); differences in the type of establishments are statistically significant in the first two semesters (p=0,009; p=0,020) and in the fourth (p=0,038) and fifth semesters (p=0,011); there exists statistically significant differences between Private Subsidized schools, and municipal schools in the area of Basic Sciences (p=0,010); the region of provenance, the income quintile and Mapuche ethnicity do not impact the RA. A p < 0,05 threshold for statistical significance.

Conocimiento sobre consentimiento informado en docentes, estudiantes y pacientes de la carrera de odontología / Knowledge on informed consent in teachers, students and patients of the faculty of dentistry

Determinar el nivel de conocimiento respecto al procedimiento de consentimiento informado que presenta una muestra de docentes, estudiantes y pacientes odontológicos. Se aplicó un cuestionario anónimo a 271 estudiantes, 58 docentes y 260 pacientes de una Clínica Odontológica Universitaria. El análisis de datos se realizó aplicando el test chi-cuadrado. Los estudiantes, en su mayoría, presentan un conocimiento alto sobre CI. Un 60,61 % de los docentes muestran un grado de conocimiento regular y un 39,39 % presenta conocimiento alto. Los pacientes, en su mayoría, presentan un conocimiento regular (58,41 %). Es importante aumentar la investigación del tema y la formación continua que introduzca conocimientos sobre autonomía del paciente. De esta manera, crearemos conciencia en los docentes del área y fortaleceremos el conocimiento de las nuevas generaciones, contribuyendo al cumplimiento de nuestro mandato legal y la contribución al ejercicio pleno del derecho a la autonomía de nuestros pacientes.

The objective of this study was to determine the level of knowledge regarding the Informed Consent procedure presented in a sample of teachers, students and dental patients. An anonymous questionnaire was applied to 271 students, 58 teachers and 260 patients of a Teaching Dental Clinic. The data analysis was performed by applying the chi-square test. The majority of the students have a high knowledge. 60.61 % of the teachers show a level of regular knowledge and 39.39 % show a high knowledge. Most of the patients show a regular knowledge (58.41 %). It is important to increase both the research of the subject and the continuous training that introduces knowledge about patient autonomy. In this way, we will raise awareness among teachers in the area and strengthen the knowledge of new generations, contributing our legal mandate and the full exercise of the right to autonomy of our patients.